Undergraduate Honor Council

The Undergraduate Honor Council investigates and hears alleged violations of the College of William & Mary's Honor Code. The Council consists of twenty-four members of the undergraduate student body, eight from the sophomore class, eight from the junior class, and eight from the senior class. Members must be in good academic standing and may not be found guilty of an Honor offense or serious Judicial offense.

History of the Honor System at William & Mary

Since the foundation of the College of William & Mary, a sense of honor has always played an important role in the education of the College's students. Some of William & Mary's first students were sons of the Virginia Aristocracy, who took pride in their reputation as men of honor. Because of the existence of this code of honor, it is difficult to trace the exact date that marked the beginning of the honor system at William & Mary. In 1736, according to the Charter and Statutes of William & Mary, "special care must be taken of their [students] morals, that none of the Scholars presume to tell a Lie... or do any Thing else that is contrary to good Manners." (The Honor System at William & Mary in Virginia: Its Background, Meaning, Administration, and Practices, Office of the Dean of Students, 1967, p. 1). The honor system in its essence was surely in place by 1779, when the College was re-organized by Thomas Jefferson and the year often claimed for the official establishment of the honor code at William & Mary. (Ibid, pg. 1). In 1784, the faculty made every student, upon matriculation, pledge to adhere to all College rules. In 1834, Nathaniel Beverley Tucker, Professor of Law at William & Mary, said in an address to the students "It has been the study of its professors to cultivate at the same time the intellect, the principles and the deportment of the student, laboring with equal diligence to infuse the spirit of the scholar and the spirit of the gentleman. He comes to us a gentleman. As such we receive and treat him, and resolutely refuse to know him in any other character...His Honor is the only witness to which we appeal..." (Ibid, pg. 2).

The establishment of the current honor system at the College did not occur until the 1920s, which created two honor councils, one for men and one for women. Today, there is one honor council for the student body. The violations of the honor code: stealing, lying, cheating, and the failure to report a known offense, have varied slightly since the 1920s. (Honor System, University Archives Subject File Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, William & Mary)

Revisions

The Board of Visitors does not approve revisions/changes to the honor code. The honor code is administered by the students through a Council of Chairs and a system of 6 Honors Councils from the undergraduate student body, and graduate students from the Arts and Sciences, Business School, School of Education, Law School, and Marine Science. The Vice President for Student Affairs' presentation to the Board would include updates on honor code reviews.

1997

The Board of Visitors heard discussion of the honor code at their February and April 1997 meetings. The draft of the honor code from 1997 can be found in the William & Mary Digital Archive 1. The 1997 honor code was the first attempt at a unified honor code at William & Mary. Before the 1997 honor code, all six schools had their own honor code.

The February 28, 1997 issue of the Flat Hat, indicates that all six schools voted to pass the code and gives a detail breakdown of the percentages of how each voted. The April 1997 issue of the Alumni Gazette indicates the revision was approved by both the undergraduate honor council and President Timothy Sullivan.

Material in the Special Collections Research Center

Guide for conducting research related to the College of William & Mary
William & Mary Catalogs and Student Handbooks.
University Archives Subject File Collection, under Honor System
From Flat Hat (available in the W&M Digital Archive, William & Mary News, Alumni Gazette Index:
- Honor Code
  - Our honor system: New York Evening Post article FH, 3/5/1921, 2.
  - Co-Ed Corner; Questions raised FH, 2/29/1924, 4.
  - Defense of student government FH, 2/29/1924, 8.
  - Editorial: the honor system and student government FH 10/31/1924, 4.
  - Extolled by Dr. J. R. Geiger FH, 5/15/1925, 4.
  - Explained to freshmen FH, 9/25/1925, 4.
  - Editorial: "Failures of the Honor System" FH, 1/15/1926, 4
  - President of the honor council addresses new students FH, 9/24/1926, 1, 8
  - Honor Code explained FH, 9/24/1926, 1, 8.
  - Editorial: honor system in Northern universities attacked FH, 9/24/1926, 4.
  - Dr. Geiger reports that honor system is a leading topic at National Student Congress FH, 12/10/1926, 1, 7.
  - Editorial: "Foundations of Honor" FH, 12/17/1926, 4.
  - President explains honor system FH, 9/23/1927, 2.
  - Editorial: Is the Honor System Dying? FH, 3/23/1928, 4.
  - Best essay on the honor system to be published FH, 3/23/1928, 5.
  - Professor Gelsinger writes disclaimer against rumor of freshman essay contest FH, 3/30/1928, 5.
  - Women debate honor system FH, 4/6/1928, 10.
  - President of men's honor council points out essentials in system FH, 9/21/1928, 1, 5.
  - Statement of honor system reprinted FH, 11/23/1928, 9.
  - Inception discussed in Richmond paper FH, 11/28/1928, 7.
  - The Inquiring Reporter: punishment for bad check writers FH, 3/28/1929, 5.
  - Honor Council president explains system FH, 9/27/1929, 1, 9.
  - Editorial: history of FH, 2/14/1930, 4, 5.
  - Editorial: present status in American colleges FH, 2/21/1930, 4, 10.
  - Editorial: specific problems FH, 2/28/1930, 4, 9.
  - Men's Student Council to alter Honor Code FH, 4/4/1933, 1.
  - Student body alters Honor Code Clause FH, 4/17/1934, 1, 5.
  - Editorial: Honor System FH, 9/25/1934, 4.
  - History of W&M's honor system AG, 9/29/1934, 2.
  - Editorial: Tulane joins the ranks FH, 10/16/1934, 4.
  - Honor System outlined for careful consideration of incoming freshmen FH, 9/24/1940, 2.
  - Issued in new form FH, 9/23/1941, 1.
  - Councils plan study of Code FH, 10/28/1941, 6.
  - Committee is studying College honor system; seeks student opinion FH, 2/25/1942, 2.
  - Revision FH, 3/11/1942, 1.
  - Survey of honor system to include statistical poll FH, 4/22/1942, 7.
  - Poll shows majority unsatisfied with present code FH, 5/20/1942, 1.
  - Honor code clarification made after year's study FH, 9/29/1942, 2, 4.
  - Honor code for cafeteria FH, 11/3/1942, 1.
  - Bradford Dunham's opinion of the honor system FH, 2/9/1943, 8, 4.
  - Mercer delegates see W&M Campus: examine honor system FH, 2/6/1946, 7.
  - Personal Responsibility forms basis of system FH, 2/16/1946, 8.
  - Student Assembly proposes revision of Honor Code FH, 10/8/1946, 1, 3.
  - Poll shows 94% of students favor system FH, 12/3/1946, 1.
  - Honor violations appear in Library FH, 2/4/1947, 1.
  - Honor committee to aid Freshmen FH, 3/4/1947, 9.
  - Councils remove "Failure to Report" for Honor Code FH, 3/29/1949, 1.
  - Mock trial explains honor code, gives examples of usual excuses FH, 4/18/1950, 10.
  - The student voice FH, 9/16/1952, 3.
  - Letter from the president FH, 2/17/1953, 1.
  - The fourth point FH, 2/24/1953, 2.
  - Halestones FH, 2/24/1953, 2.
  - Student calls honor honorable FH, 2/24/1953, 2.
  - Reader comments on Honor System FH, 2/24/1953, 3.
  - Readers continue honor controversy FH, 3/3/1953, 3.
  - Kimbrough writes on fourth point FH, 3/17/1953, 2.
  - Committee offers proposal FH, 4/21/1953, 4.
  - Proposals FH, 3/16/1954, 4.
  - Men must sign honor cards FH, 11/6/1956, 10.
  - Open Letter FH, 5/12/1959, 4.
  - Scammon describes system to Philadelphia television program FH, 2/23/1960, 11.
  - New pamphlet goes to students FH, 10/5/1962, 6.
  - CWC sophomore observes honor system FH, 3/23/1962, 12.
  - Text from booklet prepared undersupervision of Dean Lambert, AG, Mar. 1963, 5-13.
  - Hatlo's History FH, 4/19/1963, 14 (picture)
  - A Tradition of honor FH, 9/20/1963, 1 (picture).
  - FH 2/21/69, 4.
  - Students favor revision, FH, 9/12/69, 4.
  - Fourth point-failure to report an offense-eliminated by Council, FH, 10/24/69, 1.
  - Undergoes review, AG, 43.5:6
  - Faculty expresses disapproval of code, especially 4th point, FH, 3/6/70, 2.
  - Judicial system okay, AG, 43.10:2d
  - Elimination of 4th point indicated in student handbook, FH, 9/11/70, 7.
  - Judicial Systems Committee established to study system, WMN, 10/7/75, 6.
  - Stands test of time WMN, 10/3/78, 6.
  - Controversial trial spurs changes in Honor Code FH, 9/7/1984, 1, 6.
  - Computers create a new twist for Honor Code FH, 9/14/1984, 5.
  - Honor Code FH, 9/6/1985, 4.
  - To be reviewed by Presidential panel, WMN, 1/22/1986, 7.
  - Code under review FH, 1/31/1986, 1, 3.
  - Systems at W&M and UVA compared and contrasted FH, 2/14/1986, 1, 4, 5.
  - Loaning meal cards is Honor Code violation FH, 10/3/1986, 3 (picture).
  - "Give the Code and Honorable Death" by Theo Davis FH, `/23/1987, 5.
  - "A Question of Honor" by Larissa Lomacky FH, 11/13/1987, 4.
  - A question of honor FH, 9/9/1988, 5.
  - Considering the Code FH, 2/17/ 1989, 1.
  - Code must be emphasized FH, 11/30/1990, 3.
  - Revisions requested FH, 11/22/1991, 1, 4 (picture).
  - Hall declines to press honor code charges FH, 1/29/1993, 1, 5.
  - Council votes to expand codes FH, 3/19/1993, 1, 6.
  - Why the Code of Honor can be successful FH, 3/19/1993, 9.
  - Council holds off on reforms FH, 4/9/1993, 1, 5.
  - Wendy Teepe hopes Honor Code will be respected FH, 9/2/1994, 7.
  - Grads vote on Code FH, 9/9/1994, 3.
  - Single honor code benefits all students FH, 9/23/1994, 3.
  - Honor codes may become universal FH, 12/2/1994, 5 (picture).
  - System faces change FH, 2/10/1995, 3 (picture).
  - Group reviews honor codes FH, 2/24/1995, 4.
  - Public hearing to consider University wide Honor Code and Judicial System WMN, 3/1/1995, 5.
  - Code nears unification, FH, 3/17/1995, 5.
  - Proposal plans Code changes FH, 1/26/1996, 1, 5.
  - The proposal FH, 1/26/1996, 10-13.
  - Task forces invites comments on proposed revisions WMN, 1/31/1996, 2.
  - Revisions concern students FH, 2/2/1996, 1, 5.
  - Law students object to new code proposed FH, 2/29/1996, 3.
  - Request for public comment FH, 2/9/1996, 9.
  - Changes planned FH, 11/1/1996, 1, 4, (picture)
  - Is it relevant? AG, Fall 1996, 15-21 (picture)
  - Council passes new code FH, 2/14/1997 1, 7 (picture).
  - Revised honor code disgraces tradition FH, 2/14/1997, 3.
  - Revised Honor code provokes student concerns FH, 2/21/1997, 4.
  - Other students support design, implementation of code FH, 2/21/1997,5.
  - Law school passes new code FH, 2/21/1997, 7.
  - Students pass unified code WMN, 2/26/1997, 1, 2 (picture).
  - New code referendum ratified FH 2/28/1997, 1, 5 (picture).
  - One College, One Code AG, Spring 1997, 8.
  - Council posts code in classrooms FH, 9/12/1997, 8.
  - Signs disappear off walls FH, 9/11/1998, 2 (pictures)
- Honor Council
  - Council elected, FH, 5/18/23, 2. FH, 5/26/23, 2.
  - Alva H. Cooke succeeds Lowe as student Body President, SH, 5/26/23, 4.
  - Freshman representative elected FH, 1/11/1924, 7.
  - Seven nominated for three positions FH, 5/2/1924, 5.
  - Members elected FH, 5/16/1924, 1, 6.
  - Editorial: council should approve all pledges FH, 11/14/1924, 4.
  - Drinkers should be reported to council FH, 1/30/1925, 1.
  - Nominations opened FH, 4/3/1925, 1.
  - Fills junior vacancy FH, 10/2/1925, 3.
  - President addressed new students FH, 9/24/1926, 1, 8,
  - Recommends sophomore membership to be allowed through change in women's government constitution FH, 2/11/1927, 3.
  - Elects junior representative FH, 3/4/1927, 1.
  - Men to be nominated FH, 10/14/1927, 1.
  - Candidates picked FH, 10/28/1927, 1.
  - Elections results FH, 11/18/1927, 5.
  - Sponsers essay contest on honor system; best to be published FH, 3/23/1928, 5.
  - Officers FH, 3/23/1928, 5.
  - Professor Gelsinger writes disclaimer against rumor of freshman essay contest FH, 3/30/1928, 5.
  - President points out essentials in honor code FHm 9/21/1928, 1, 5.
  - Praises Seven Society's warning to bad check passers FH, 10/5/1928, 1.
  - Member condemns watchmen on campus as affront to honor code FH, 10/19/1928, 3.
  - Under new plan college to assume responsibility for student's bad checks FH, 10/26/1928, 8.
  - Women modify honor system FH, 11/16/1928, 1.
  - Report of activities, seven men "shipped" FH, 4/12/1929, 12.
  - Junior candidates announced FH, 4/26/1929, 10.
  - The Open Forum: president deplores present political situation FH 5/10/1929m 4,
  - President explains honor system FH, 9/27/1929, 1.
  - Elections FH, 10/4/1929, 1.
  - Warns against students writing bad checks FH, 11/8/1929, 1.
  - President explains honor system FH, 11/27/1929, 8.
  - Presents semester report, disciplinary actions FH, 2/14/1930, 1, 2.
  - The Open Forum: complains of ruling to require blue book for exams FH, 2/14/1930,4.
  - Uniform examination books authorized; honor pledge included and signed by honor council FH, 2/21/1930, 3.
  - The Open Forum: explains measure of "blue books" FH, 2/21/1930, 4, 10.
  - Women elect officers FH, 3/30/1930, 1, 2.
  - Women vote not to cut campus FH, 5/2/1930, 1.
  - Freshmen choose delegate FH, 12/5/1930, 1.
  - To handle bad checks FH, 9/23/1931, 1.
  - Three elected to Honor Council FH, 10/27/1931, 1.
  - To distribute posters FH, 11/3/1931, 1.
  - Harriet Pittard is elected head FHm 3/8/1933, 1.
  - Has farewell banquet FH, 4/11/1933, 2.
  - Men's Honor Council elects officers FH, 3/27/1934, 1.
  - Editorial: Honor Council is strengthened FH, 4/24/1934, 4.
  - Editorial: Honor System FH, 9/25/1934, 4.
  - Women elect officers FH, 3/12/1935, 1 (pictures).
  - Two women elected to honor committee FH, 10/27/1936, 1.
  - Sponsers Convocation: Bryan praises Honor System FH, 11/10/1936
  - Office vacant, nominations requested FH, 10/19/1937, 1.
  - Charles Roberts elected for sophomore office FH, 11/9/1937, 1.
  - Rosa Evans leads honor council; Ellis, Brenn, Layton, Dobie win FH, 3/22/1938 (1 picture).
  - Plans study of Honor Code FH, 10/28/1941, 6.
  - Six nominations received for men's honor council FH, 11/25/1941, 1, 6.
  - Harvey Pope head's men's honor council FH, 11/2/1943, 1.
  - Appoints new members FH, 2/16/1944, 4.
  - Men's honor Council petitions due FH, 3/28/1944, 4.
  - Men voters cast ballots for council FH, 4/19/1944, 1.
  - Elects Stinson Vice-President FH, 2/28/1945, 1.
  - Elects president, assembly swears in new officers FH, 5/2/1945, 1, 3.
  - Men's honor council discusses four offenses FH, 10/10/1945, 3.
  - Council holds get-together FH, 11/21/1945, 7.
  - Auctional Attic Articles Augment Scholarship funds FH, 2/27/1946, 10.
  - Elections FH, 4/10/1946, 1, 8
  - Men to select members of Council FH, 4/17/1946, 1.
  - Councils hold discussion on suggestions FH, 12/3/1946, 4.
  - Sherry will head honor committee FH, 5/6/1947, 1.
  - Quakenbush holds council post Fh, 5/13/1947, 1.
  - Men's honor council reports case results FH, 1/13/1948, 1.
  - Clears two of charges FH, 2/10/1948, 1.
  - Students to nominate Candidates FH, 4/20/1948, 8.
  - New members of Men's Honor Council FH, 5/14/1948, 3 (picture)
  - Councils as student cooperation, FH, 5/11/1948, 1, 7.
  - New members FH, 5/10/1949, 1 (picture)
  - Mattox to lead men's honor council FH, 5/10/1949, 1.
  - Results of trials FH, 11/8/1949, 1.
  - Women's Honor Council elections held FH, 3/13/1951, 1.
  - Student assembly airs suggestions of Council FH, 3/13/1951, 1.
  - Wittkamp named head FH, 5/1/1951, 1.
  - Richmond, Wittkamp lead student Honor Councils FH, 9/181951, 9 (pictures).
  - Haabestad, Lewis, Spangler elected to honor council FH, 3/11/1952, 1.
  - Petitions due FH, 4/15/1952, 1.
  - Madsen, Munger administer honor system FH, 9/16/1952, 9 (picture).
  - Freshman to elect officers to men's honor council FH, 10/7/1952, 1.
  - Assembly discusses joint honor council proposal FH, 12/9/1952, 10.
  - Elections scheduled FH, 4/21/1953 1.
  - Jim Grant elected new head FH, 4/28/1953 1 (picture).
  - Dean presents first honor council study report FH, 5/5/1953, 10.
  - Chairman welcomes students FH 9/15/1953, 10.
  - Cynthia Frye, Michael Jordan accept positions, FH, 10/20/1953, 1.
  - Women elect Zaiser, Brown to honor, Judicial positions FH, 3/16/1954, 1 (picture).
  - Names Otto Lowe chairman FH, 5/4/1954, 1 (picture).
  - Joint Councils clarify impressions of Code's breeches FH, 11/2/1954, 1.
  - Adds a member FH, 3/15/1955, 3.
  - Men's, Women's Councils pass membership amendments FH, 4/18/1955, 4.
  - Lydia Dagget gains post FH, 4/26/1955, 10.
  - Men elect Stewart Sell FH, 5/3/1955, 1 (picture).
  - Men and Women issue statement of policy FH, 10/25/1955, 1.
  - Chooses Brad Lesher to succeed Sell FH, 5/8/1956, 12.
  - Committee views forming join council FH, 3/19/1957, 8.
  - Elects slate FH, 5/17/1957, 1.
  - Men's council elects officers FH, 4/29/1958, 1, 11.
  - Senior men choose candidates for council FH, 10/14/1958, 1.
  - Men elect council members FH, 10/21/1958, 1.
  - Steve Oaks elected to Council FH, 10/28/1958, 1 (picture).
  - All men students re-elect Honor Council FH, 4/21/1959, 1.
  - Ballots show results of election winners FH, 4/21/1959, 1.
  - Posts rule on extra food FH, 4/21/1959, 12.
  - Cayward leads Council FH, 4/28/1959, 1 (pictures).
  - Honor offense FH, 5/5/1959, 1.
  - Students vote for Assembly, Honor Council members FH, 4/19/1960, 5.
  - Denny wins election FH, 4/26/1960, 3, 15 (picture).
  - Jim Thomas elected chair of men's council FH, 5/5/1961, 1.
  - Paschall, students discuss revisions of system FH, 10/6/1961, 12.
  - Freshmen receive honor system changes FH, 1/12/1962, 10.
  - Councils meet for booklet discussion FH, 2/16/1962, 10
  - Election planned to fill spot FH, 2/23/1962, 12 (picture).
  - Election invalid FH, 3/2/1962, 12.
  - Women's council moves from WSCGA FH, 3/9/1962, 12.
  - Record number seek post FH, 4/13/1962, 12.
  - Election Narrows FH, 4/20/1962, 1.
  - Fills for next season FH 4/27/1962, 12 (pictures).
  - Publication cites Honor System FH, 2/22/1963, 6.
  - State purpose FH, 11/22/1963, 5.
  - Discusses purpose FH, 12/13/1963, 5.
  - Innovations discussed FH, 9/26/69, 5.
  - Motion eliminating President's veto power in rule amendment FH, 10/10/1969, 2.
  - Votes to eliminate failure to report an offense as a breach of the system FH, 10/24/69, 1.
  - Committee appointed to study proposals for change FH, 3/13/70, 2.
  - 9 elected FH, 4/9/71, 4.
  - 1970-71 nominees FH, 4/3/70, 3.
  - Election winners FH, 4/10/70, 1.
  - Recommendations await approval of Paschall FH, 5/1/70, 2.
  - Members discuss future in terms of proposed Community Govt. plan FH, 2/9/71, 4.
  - Elections CO. 4/6/71, 1.
  - Men's, women's councils to start joint trials FH, 9/14/71, 3.
  - Calls new election for two junior men FH, 10/5/72, 1.
  - Honor Council seeks approval of change FH, 3/16/73, 2.
  - Honor Council election filling period opens FH, 3/20/73, 3.
  - Statements of Honor Council candidates FH, 4/6/73, 3.
  - Cheating widespread on campus FH, 2/23/74, 1.
  - Election results FH, 4/12/74, 3.
  - Seeks to improve image FH, 10/18/74, 5.
  - Statements of candidates FH, 4/4/75, 8-10.
  - Election outcome FH, 4/11/75, 2; WMN 4/15/75, 2.
  - Those elected to serve on council WMN, 9/30/75, 3.
  - Statement of Honor Council candidates FH, 3/19/76, 14-15.
  - Election results FH, 3/26/76, 1; WMN, 3/30/76, 3.
  - Letter to Senate published; controversy continues over Sr. Class VP election FH, 4/9/76, 2.
  - Sponsors seminar on honor systems to be held here FH, 11/19/1976, 2.
  - Statement of candidates FH 3/25/77, 10-11, 15.
  - Election Results FH, 4/1/77, 4.
  - Candidates FH, 3/24/78, 10,11.
  - Upholds decision to remove Tim Knight from the ballot FH, 3/31/78; 1, 4.
  - Elections invalid FH, 3/31/78 1.
  - New election held FH, 4/7/78, 3.
  - Honor Code stands test of time WMN, 10/3/78, 6.
  - How it works FH 10/13/78, 2.
  - Delegates for, FH, 3/21/80, 14-17
  - Election Results FH, 3/28/80, 4.
  - Upholds traditions FH, 12/5/80, 8 (picture).
  - Nullifies candidate, cites breach of election guidelines. FH, 3/27/81, 3 (picture).
  - Voids elections FH, 4/3/81, 1.
  - List of new Honor Council FH, 4/17/81, 1.
  - Election results FH, 2/5/82, 1.
  - Record of Honor Trials, WMN, 9/21/82, 3.
  - Runs silently but effectively FH, 9/24/82, 1, 3, 4.
  - 1982 record of honor trials, FH, 9/24/82, 3.
  - Council for 1982; Honor Council trial, WMN, 10/5082, 5.
  - Record of Honor Council Trials, WMN, 4/26/83, 3.
  - Decisions FH, 9/30/83, 6.
  - Trials WMN, 10/4/1983, 7.
  - Promotes honesty FH, 10/14/83, 2,4.
  - Decisions FH, 1/20/1984, 3.
  - '84 Honor Council candidates FH, 1/27/1984, 15, 16.
  - Decisions FH, 2/10/1984, 4.
  - Elects new members and officers FH, 2/17/1984, 3.
  - Trial results WMN, 2/21/1984, 2.
  - Committee recommends Honor Council changes FH, 4/16/1984, 3.
  - Honor trial process scrutinized FH 4/13/1984, 1, 5.
  - Is the Honor Council bound by law? FH, 4/20/1984 1,5.
  - Decisions on cases, FH 8/31/1984, 6.
  - Trial decisions WMN, 9/4/1984, 4.
  - Controversial trial spurs changes in Honor Code FH, 9/7/1984, 1, 6.
  - Council Proceedings WMN, 12/5/ 1984, 3.
  - Honor Council Results FH, 1/25/1985, 3.
  - Student Association Council Rejects Referendum FH, 2/1/1985, 3.
  - Proceedings WMN, 2/6/1985, 3.
  - Has formed an ad hoc committee on its elections FH, 10/4/1985, 18.
  - Trial Results from Feb. 5 to Oct. 15, 1985 FH, 10/18/1985, 2.
  - Honor Trial Results from 10/1985 - 1/31/1986, 2.
  - Elections committee recommends open campaigning for Council FH, 2/14/1986, 1, 4.
  - Our system compared with the system at UVA FH, 2/14/1986, 1, 4.
  - Council continues debate on campaigning, freshman representation FH, 2/14/1986, 1, 2.
  - Elections committee recommends open campaigning for the Honor Council FH, 2/14/1986, 1, 4.
  - OK's election changes FH, 3/14/1986, 1.
  - Presents mock trials as part of training new members FH, 3/14/1986, 20.
  - Picks leaders; nixes suggestion of freshman reps FH, 3/21/1986, 1, 4.
  - Members of 1985-86 and 1986-87 councils hold an open business meeting FH, 3/28/1986, 14; FH, 4/4/1986, 1.
  - Graduate Honor Council report WMN, 4/9/1986, 3.
  - Statistics from 1985-86 council reported FH, 4/11/1986, 3.
  - To choose new members to fill vacancy caused by Walker's resignation FH, 9/12/1986, 1.
  - John Meyers to fill vacancy FH, 9/19/1986, 1, 4 (picture).
  - Trial Results (March 1986 - Nov. 1986) FH, 11/7/1986, 4.
  - To poll students about election procedure FH, 11/14/1986, 1.
  - Changes in campaigning FH, 1/30/1987, 1 (picture).
  - To hold elections FH, 2/13/1987, 1, 6-8.
  - Election results FH, 2/20/1987, 1.
  - Virginia's honor councils meet, discuss codes FH, 2/27/2987, 1, 4.
  - Seeks to increase budget FH, 3/20/1987, 5.
  - Elects officers FH, 4/3/1987, 1, 2.
  - Hey Adam - the Council does have problems FH, 4/10/1987, 7.
  - Results of trials FH, 4/24/1987, 5.
  - Elections format changed FH, 1/29/1988, 1.
  - Trial results FH, 2/12/1988, 3.
  - Candidates for election FH, 2/12/1988, 8,9 (picture)
  - Honor awareness week WMN, 2/1/1989, 3.
  - Week of honor FH, 2/3/1989, 6.
  - Honor awareness week schedule FH, 2/3/1989, 16.
  - Alan B. Mollohan talk to close Honor Awareness week program WMN, 2/8/1989, 5.
  - Elections for 1989-1990 FH, 2/10/1989, 15,16 (pictures).
  - Considering the code; awareness week FH, 2/17/1989, 1.
  - Election results; under Duetsch captures SA presidency FH, 2/17/1989, 1.
  - New judicial system efficient FH, 2/15/1989, 3.
  - Record of Action 1988-89 FH, 4/21/1989, 3.
  - Elections to be held FH, 2/2/1990, 2.
  - Elections FH, 2/2/1990, 5, 6 (picture).
  - Council seeks awareness FH, 2/16/1990, 5.
  - Upholds SA election FH, 3/23/1990, 1, 5.
  - Council provides insights on SA election decision FH, 3/23/1990, 3, 5 (picture).
  - BSA spars with Honor Council FH, 2/1/1991, 1, 6.
  - Statistics from 1990-1991 sessions FH, 2/8/1991, 6.
  - BSA, SAC clash over task force FH, 12/6/1991, 1, 2 (picture).
  - Elections information FH, 1/24/1992, 6.
  - Council candidates FH, 2/7/1992, 10 (pictures).
  - Task force completes review FH, 4/3/1992, 1, 7 (picture).
  - Votes on changes FH, 4/24/1992, 1, 2.
  - Statistics FH, 9/18/1992, 6.
  - Council measures opinions FH, 11/13/1992, 1, 5.
  - Candidates FH, 2/19/1993, 8, 9 (pictures).
  - Council votes to expand codes FH, 3/19/1993, 1, 6.
  - Council holds off on reforms FH, 4/9/1993, 1, 5.
  - Candidate statements FH, 2/11/1994, 14-15 (pictures).
  - Slated for review FH, 9/16/1994, 1, 5 (picture).
  - Juniors select Council members FH, 2/24/1995, 1, 6 (pictures).
  - Council clarifies fake I.D. policy FH, 4/21/1995, 3.
  - Elections for class officers FH, 2/16/1996, 4, 5 (pictures).
  - Candidates FH, 2/21/1997, 8-9 (pictures).
  - Elections FH, 3/21/1997, 2.
  - Role defined FH, 4/4/1997, 3.
  - Posts code in classrooms FH, 9/12/1997, 1, 4.
  - Awaiting code signs FH, 11/7/1997, 1.
  - Council fulfills promise and posts signs FH, 1/30/1998, 1, 2, (picture).
  - Honor code signs disappear off walls FH, 9/11/1998, 2 (picture).
  - Council educates, punishes FH, 10/22/1999, 1, 7.
  - Addresses concerns about code FH, 10/22/1999, 5.
  - Sponsors mock trial FH, 11/19/1999, 1, 2 (picture).

References

Honor System, University Archives Subject File Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, William & Mary.

External Resources

Honor Code & Councils